обзорная научная статья про структуру гена GBSS и особенности экспрессии в картофеле в процессе накопления в клубнях продукта экспресии.
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Title: Structure and Expression of the GBSS Gene in Potato: Insights into Starch Accumulation in Tubers
Abstract: Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is one of the most important staple crops worldwide, primarily valued for its tubers, which serve as a rich source of carbohydrates. The accumulation of starch in potato tubers is a complex process regulated by various genes, including the Granule-Bound Starch Synthase (GBSS) gene. This review aims to provide an overview of the structure and expression of the GBSS gene in potato, focusing on its role in starch synthesis and accumulation in tubers.
Introduction: Starch is the major storage carbohydrate in potato tubers, accounting for approximately 70-80% of their dry weight. The GBSS gene encodes an enzyme called granule-bound starch synthase, which plays a crucial role in amylose synthesis, a linear component of starch. Understanding the structure and expression of the GBSS gene is essential for unraveling the molecular mechanisms underlying starch accumulation in potato tubers.
Structure of the GBSS Gene: The GBSS gene in potato consists of multiple exons and introns, with a typical gene structure found in many plant species. The coding region of the gene encodes a protein with a molecular weight of approximately 100 kDa. The protein contains several conserved domains, including the glycosyltransferase domain responsible for starch synthesis.
Expression of the GBSS Gene in Potato Tubers: The expression of the GBSS gene in potato tubers is tightly regulated and influenced by various factors, including developmental stage, environmental conditions, and hormonal signals. Studies have shown that GBSS gene expression is highest during the tuber initiation and early tuber bulking stages, coinciding with the active accumulation of starch. Additionally, the expression of the GBSS gene is influenced by the balance between different hormones, such as gibberellins and abscisic acid.
Regulation of GBSS Gene Expression: The regulation of GBSS gene expression involves a complex network of transcription factors and signaling pathways. Several transcription factors, including the MYB and bZIP families, have been identified as key regulators of GBSS gene expression. Additionally, various environmental cues, such as light and temperature, can modulate the expression of the GBSS gene, further influencing starch accumulation in potato tubers.
Conclusion: The GBSS gene plays a crucial role in starch synthesis and accumulation in potato tubers. Understanding the structure and expression of this gene provides valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying starch metabolism in potato. Further research is needed to elucidate the precise regulatory mechanisms governing GBSS gene expression and its interaction with other genes involved in starch synthesis. Such knowledge could contribute to the development of improved potato varieties with enhanced starch content and quality, ultimately benefiting the agricultural and food industries.
